Positive Reinforcement

If you're the parent of a perfect child -- one that never whines, argues, lies or misbehaves -- this article isn't for you. But if your child is guilty of any (or all) of the above, don’t despair. He’s just doing what most kids do. So how do you go about changing his negative behavior?

Use positive reinforcement, says child behavior expert Noel Janis-Norton, author of Learning to Listen, Listening to Learn (Barrington Stoke Ltd). Here, some tools you can use to bring out the best in your child:

Descriptive Praise

Instead of lecturing your child when he does something wrong, praise him when he does something right. Sounds simple, doesn't it? But for many parents, it’s trickier than they think. "Because humans are more inclined to notice what's wrong in a situation, we are much more aware when there's a problem," says Janis-Norton. "It takes hard work and discipline to notice when children are doing things right, such as not whining or not interrupting."

The key is to notice -- and casually comment on -- every little thing that your child is doing that is right, just OK or not wrong. "Descriptive praise is a powerful motivator," says Janis-Norton. "It catches kids doing the right thing and inspires them to think of themselves as considerate and capable people. The rationale is: What you notice, you get more of."

Traci McPhereson, 34, of Los Angeles, has seen it firsthand: "My 4-year-old twins responded almost instantly to descriptive praise. I'd say, 'I see you're not hitting your sister' even when my son was just sitting on the floor doing nothing. Sometimes I feel insane saying stuff like, 'You're not whining and crying!' or 'You're not sucking your thumb!' but hey, it works! The positive changes in their behavior have been enormous."

Reflective Listening

When a child is upset, parents instinctively want to defuse the situation by asking her what's wrong and then giving advice. Or if she explodes with anger, they’ll get angry, too, and yell at her to stop it. In both cases, parents can calm things down simply by showing empathy, using a technique that Janis-Norton calls reflective listening. "That’s when a parent mirrors what the child is feeling. “It helps to deal with the emotion that's dominating the child and get it resolved."

It takes discipline on your part to step back and think before you respond, but the payoff is huge. If your child has lost his temper and is throwing things around, you could send him for a time-out and make him even angrier. Or you could take a step back and say, “You must be very angry about something. I’m sorry that you’re so upset. Can you tell me what happened?” Chances are your child would stop for a second to think about how he feels.

It’s often hard for a child to put what she's feeling into words. "But when you use reflective listening, over time it will teach your child a vocabulary for expressing her feelings so that she doesn't bottle them up inside and act on them inappropriately," she says.

Action Replays

The next time your child misbehaves, be kind and rewind. Instead of scolding, repeating, reminding or lecturing, Janis-Norton suggests you try what she calls an action replay. "This is how parents can follow through with the rules they've established with their kids," she says. "It's simply asking the child to do things again, but this time the right way."

Randall says dinnertime is the perfect opportunity to utilize action replays in her house. "My daughter, who's 3, hates to use her fork," she explains. "Whenever she starts to eat her food with her fingers instead of her fork, I say, 'Let's do that again. Show me how you're supposed to be eating your food.' Once she uses her fork, I give her descriptive praise, like 'See, you knew just what to do,' and then everybody's smiling again. It's nice to be able to avoid arguments that may have otherwise erupted."

"Plus, doing an action replay will boost your child's self-esteem," concludes Janis-Norton, "because she's now proven to herself that she can indeed succeed."

Heather Randall, 39, of Sun Valley, Calif., most recently used reflective listening when her daughter had a nightmare. "I went into her room and asked her to tell me about it," she explains. "Instead of responding with, 'Don't worry, it was just a dream, go back to sleep,' I said, 'You're so frightened. Nightmares can sure be scary, can't they?' She stopped crying, thought about it for a second, and replied, 'They sure can.' After that, she nodded right back off to sleep."

Available at Amazon.com:

Learning to Listen, Listening to Learn

Organized Kidz: E-Z Solutions for Clutter-Free Living

 

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