Iranian Theocracy Under Scrutiny

What perfect timing.

The wire service photo showed an honor guard in Hungary commemorating the reburial of Imre Nagy two decades ago.

Comrade, then Freedom Fighter, Nagy had been the leader of Hungary's ill-fated uprising against its Soviet masters back in 1956.

The Hungarians' bravery attracted the sympathy and admiration of the whole world that year. But little else. Fearful of risking a nuclear confrontation, America and the West shrank back. Once again Communism produced a wave of talented and productive refugees, and then silence descended.

As for Imre Nagy and his fellow rebels, their fate was what one would expect in a slave empire: They were arrested, tried in secret and hanged. And then buried in unmarked graves.

Only the memory of a brief freedom still burned in Hungary, far below the surface of things. Few at the time realized that one day it would flame again.

Imre Nagy was a good Marxist till the end. He and his comrades had been faithful to the Party till they could no longer close their eyes, or their hearts, to their country's oppression. They had hoped for a peaceful break with the oppressors, or that the Americans would arrive at the last minute and save the day, like the U.S. Cavalry in a Western.

They hoped for too much. And paid for it. Nikita Khrushchev and ruthless company in Moscow were not about to let them take Hungary out of the Warsaw Pact, or even live. Their example might have proven contagious, and the rest of the Soviet bloc was restless, too. So it was decided they would provide a different kind of example: This is what happens to those who dare challenge Soviet power.

Decades passed. The ritual observance of Captive Nations Week in this country was derided as an annual exercise in futility. Also, a danger to Peaceful Coexistence, which had been elevated to a goal of American foreign policy, taking the place of freedom. And any real peace. Even to speak of these nations' captivity struck our intelligentsia as a dangerous provocation. Detente became the objective, not peace.

A president who spoke of peace and freedom, like Ronald Reagan, was considered an "amiable dunce" by the sophisticates. The Kissingers and Fulbrights had become our leading lights, or at least leading dimnesses. But a tide was rising in the world, and it was a freedom tide.

Then, like a sudden, cleansing flood, came 1989, the great Jubilee Year when the Iron Curtain cracked.

Russians Go Home became a reality instead of an impossible dream. In a free Hungary, Imre Nagy and his fellow patriots would at last be given a decent burial. With full honors. At last their heroism could be openly recognized.

Much like Imre Nagy, the leaders of the Silent Revolution in Iran have also been faithful servants of the regime. They, too, are proud nationalists, but not crazies.

They seek only the simplest of rights, like free and fair elections. They accept the mullahs' reign and reins. They understand they live in a theocracy. But they would like to reform it, and give it a human face, much as Mikhail Gorbachev set out to reform Soviet Communism, not realizing that to humanize it would destroy it.

Liberty is not something that can be rationed; one freedom leads to another.

Iran's demagogue-in-chief understands that old truth, which is why he is so determined to crush this peaceful revolution in today's Iran. All the odds are in favor of his doing just that, but Mahmoud Ahmedinejad has already lost something far more important than Iran's presidency; he has lost legitimacy. His hands are covered with the blood of Iran's martyrs, and the list grows daily.

Mikhail Gorbachev, too, held on to the reins of power. For a while. But the irresistible attraction of freedom has a way of being underestimated, which was Comrade Gorbachev's decisive error. A little glasnost and perestroika -- openness and reform -- has a way of leading to a lot. And those who open the floodgates just a little may be swept away by what they have loosed.

Now the world watches and waits for another revolution to be crushed.

The president of the United States offers little but lip service to freedom's cause, and even that is tardy, hesitant, fearful, as if another people's thirst for liberty were some sort of embarrassment, an obstacle to his plans for a Grand Bargain with a dictatorial regime. A threat to, yes, peaceful coexistence, that old simulacrum for real peace.

The president doesn't want to look as if he were meddling in Iran's affairs, he explains, and of course he is immediately accused by the tyrants of meddling in Iran's affairs. Fearfulness has reaped its usual contempt.

No wonder Mahmoud Ahmadinejad struts as the world only watches and waits.

Time, he must think, is on his side. Surely nothing can keep him from having his own nukes soon, just like Kim Jong Il in North Korea. Surely the police state in Iran, with its controlled media and government goons, will suppress this revolution, just as that earlier one in Hungary was stamped out.

But looking at the picture of that statue of Imre Nagy now in a place of honor in Budapest, it is hard to lose hope. A generation or two from now, whose likeness will be in Teheran's great square? I don't think it'll be Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's.

Iran Elections

As Iranians Revolt, Their Government Reveals True Self
by William Pfaff

The truly significant result of the suppressed Iranian revolt is that the most important Islamist radical movement in the contemporary world has demonstrated that it has become a brutally repressive dictatorship whose leaders rig elections and beat down clear popular demands for a true election count or repeat of the election itself.

The War Between Civilizations That Never Was
by William Pfaff

An important change is evident in what since Samuel Huntington's time has been mistakenly identified and manipulated as a war between Muslim and Western civilizations.

Iran's (So Far) Revolution-less Struggle
by William Pfaff

Iran's cosmopolitan and liberal middle classes and its students are making a revolutionary bid without intending a revolution. Few think that the demonstrations in Tehran, and now in other Iranian cities, can produce a change in regime.

Hungary 1956, Iran 2009
by Paul Greenberg

Liberty is not something that can be rationed; one freedom leads to another. Iran's demagogue-in-chief understands that old truth, which is why he is so determined to crush this peaceful revolution in today's Iran. All the odds are in favor of his doing just that, but Mahmoud Ahmedinejad has already lost something far more important than Iran's presidency; he has lost legitimacy.

Iran Elections: The Silent Revolution
by Paul Greenberg

This is something new: a Silent Revolution. The huge throng that marched through the Iranian capital last Monday spoke nary a word, Theirs was a silent vigil for a liberty not so much lost as never gained, from Shah to Ayatollah. Meanwhile, the White House and President Obama practiced its own form of silence. Things have changed since a president of the United States could be counted on to at least voice a protest when another people are cowed.

Iranian Regime Change Is for Iranians to Decide
by Mary Sanchez

I find Iran's government structure of vaguely democratic elections and Islamic theocracy almost incomprehensible. However, if Iran's government needs reform, it is Iran's people that must make that case -- and they are, very eloquently and tragically even with their lives. The last thing Iranian reformers and protesters need is to be painted as agents of the Great Satan.

The 'Neda Moment' Shows Promise of Social Networking
by Leonard Pitts, Jr.

Maybe you were there when Neda died. If you were, you saw a tragedy, of course, a 26-year-old Iranian protester gunned down in the streets. But I am convinced you also saw the future -- a profound change in the way you and I will henceforth comprehend the world.

Obama's Iran Policy Is a Bomb
by Jonah Goldberg

Here is the one immutable fact of Barack Obama's foreign policy agenda as it relates to Iran: It's over. If the forces of reform and democracy win, Obama's plan to negotiate with the regime is moot, for the regime will be gone.

Obama's Choice Is Not to Choose on Iran
by Jonah Goldberg

Stop measuring the success of your diplomacy with Iran by the degree to which the grinning, hate-filled stooge of a clerical junta will "temper" his rhetoric about the pressing need to destroy Israel and slow his ineluctable pursuit of nuclear weapons.

Iran's Crisis of Legitimacy
Ramin Jahanbegloo - Global Viewpoint

Increasingly, Iran's divine sovereignty has been less about religion than about political theology. As for the popular sovereignty, it has found its due place in social networks and political action of Iranian civil society

Iran Must Void Elections to Restore Peace on Streets
Shirin Ebadi - Global Viewpoint

People's dissatisfaction with the results does not concern the present elections alone: Many objections were made four years ago when Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was first elected president. Ahmadinejad's most important position until then had been mayor of Tehran. He was, however, supported by Basij and Ayatollah Khamenei, the Islamic Republic's leader for life. Ahmadinejad's four years of presidency resulted in people's great dissatisfaction.

Will Iran Look More Like Turkey, or Turkey Like Iran
Nathan Gardels - Global Viewpoint

The effort to forge new forms of non-Western modernity in the Muslim world has pushed Iran into bloody civil strife while Turkey swirls with persistent rumors of military plots against the Islamist-rooted government. The great historical question is whether, at the end of the day, Iran will look more like Turkey, or Turkey like Iran

(Paul Greenberg is the Pulitzer prize-winning editorial page editor of the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. His e-mail address is pgreenberg@arkansasonline.com.)

(c) 2008 TRIBUNE MEDIA SERVICES, INC.